2008 Ballot Initiatives
On November 4, 2008, MPP and our allies across the country passed nine out of 10 marijuana-related ballot initiatives ... and also defeated a bad initiative.Â
| State | Initiative | Sponsored by | MPP supports? | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Massachusetts | Question 2: Remove the threat of arrest or jail for possessing an ounce or less of marijuana, replacing it with a $100 fine, which could be paid through the mail without lawyers or court appearances, just like a speeding ticket. | MPP's campaign committee, Committee for Sensible Marijuana Policy | Â Yes | Â WIN 65%-35% |
| Michigan | Proposal 1: Permit terminally and seriously ill patients to use medical marijuana with their doctors' approval. | MPP's campaign committee, Michigan Coalition for Compassionate Care | Â Yes | Â WIN 63%-37% |
| California | Proposition 5: Expand the number of drug offenders diverted from prison into treatment and decriminalize the possession of up to an ounce of marijuana, among other things. | Yes on 5 | Â Yes | Â LOSS 60%-40% |
| California | Proposition 6: Among other things (such as increasing spending on prisons and law enforcement and increasing penalties for gang crimes and methamphetamine distribution), require the expulsion from public housing of anyone convicted of a recent drug offense. | Safe Neighborhoods Act | Â No | Â DEFEATED (A WIN) 30%-70% |
| Berkeley, California | Measure JJ: Expand the non-residential zones where dispensaries can locate, create an oversight commission to create standards and determine whether relocating or future operators are in compliance, issue zoning certificates, and bring Berkeley marijuana possession limits in line with recent court rulings determining that such limits are unconstitutional in the state. | Citizens for Sensible Medical Cannabis Regulation | Â Yes | Â WIN 62%-38% |
| Fayetteville, Arkansas | Require adult marijuana possession laws to be the lowest priority for local law enforcement. | Sensible Fayetteville | Â Yes | Â WIN 66%-34% |
| Hawaii County, Hawaii | Ballot Question 1: Require adult marijuana possession laws to be the lowest priority for local law enforcement. | Project Peaceful Sky | Â Yes | Â WIN 58%-42% |
| Ayer, Dunstable, Groton, Pepperell, and Townsend, Massachusetts | Question 4: Direct the district's state representative to vote in favor of legislation that would allow seriously ill patients, with their doctor’s written recommendation, to possess and grow small amounts of marijuana for their personal medical use. | DPFMA and MassCann/NORML |  Yes |  WIN 74%-26% |
| Medfield, Needham, and precincts 1 and 2 of Dover, Massachusetts | Question 4: Direct the district's state representative to vote in favor of legislation that would allow seriously ill patients, with their doctor’s written recommendation, to possess and grow small amounts of marijuana for their personal medical use. | DPFMA and MassCann/NORML |  Yes |  WIN 73%-27% |
| Bedford, Burlington, precinct 3 of Wilmington, Massachusetts | Question 4: Direct the district's state representative to vote in favor of legislation that would allow seriously ill patients, with their doctor’s written recommendation, to possess and grow small amounts of marijuana for their personal medical use. | DPFMA and MassCann/NORML |  Yes |  WIN 71%-29% |
| Hanson, Pembroke, precincts 2,3,4,5 of Duxbury, precinct 2 of Halifax, Massachusetts | Question 4: Direct the district's state representative to vote in favor of legislation that would allow seriously ill patients, with their doctor’s written recommendation, to possess and grow small amounts of marijuana for their personal medical use. | DPFMA and MassCann/NORML |  Yes |  WIN 71%-29% |
2008 Ballot Initiatives
On November 4, 2008, MPP and our allies across the country passed nine out of 10 marijuana-related ballot initiatives ... and also defeated a bad initiative.Â
| State | Initiative | Sponsored by | MPP supports? | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Massachusetts | Question 2: Remove the threat of arrest or jail for possessing an ounce or less of marijuana, replacing it with a $100 fine, which could be paid through the mail without lawyers or court appearances, just like a speeding ticket. | MPP's campaign committee, Committee for Sensible Marijuana Policy | Â Yes | Â WIN 65%-35% |
| Michigan | Proposal 1: Permit terminally and seriously ill patients to use medical marijuana with their doctors' approval. | MPP's campaign committee, Michigan Coalition for Compassionate Care | Â Yes | Â WIN 63%-37% |
| California | Proposition 5: Expand the number of drug offenders diverted from prison into treatment and decriminalize the possession of up to an ounce of marijuana, among other things. | Yes on 5 | Â Yes | Â LOSS 60%-40% |
| California | Proposition 6: Among other things (such as increasing spending on prisons and law enforcement and increasing penalties for gang crimes and methamphetamine distribution), require the expulsion from public housing of anyone convicted of a recent drug offense. | Safe Neighborhoods Act | Â No | Â DEFEATED (A WIN) 30%-70% |
| Berkeley, California | Measure JJ: Expand the non-residential zones where dispensaries can locate, create an oversight commission to create standards and determine whether relocating or future operators are in compliance, issue zoning certificates, and bring Berkeley marijuana possession limits in line with recent court rulings determining that such limits are unconstitutional in the state. | Citizens for Sensible Medical Cannabis Regulation | Â Yes | Â WIN 62%-38% |
| Fayetteville, Arkansas | Require adult marijuana possession laws to be the lowest priority for local law enforcement. | Sensible Fayetteville | Â Yes | Â WIN 66%-34% |
| Hawaii County, Hawaii | Ballot Question 1: Require adult marijuana possession laws to be the lowest priority for local law enforcement. | Project Peaceful Sky | Â Yes | Â WIN 58%-42% |
| Ayer, Dunstable, Groton, Pepperell, and Townsend, Massachusetts | Question 4: Direct the district's state representative to vote in favor of legislation that would allow seriously ill patients, with their doctor’s written recommendation, to possess and grow small amounts of marijuana for their personal medical use. | DPFMA and MassCann/NORML |  Yes |  WIN 74%-26% |
| Medfield, Needham, and precincts 1 and 2 of Dover, Massachusetts | Question 4: Direct the district's state representative to vote in favor of legislation that would allow seriously ill patients, with their doctor’s written recommendation, to possess and grow small amounts of marijuana for their personal medical use. | DPFMA and MassCann/NORML |  Yes |  WIN 73%-27% |
| Bedford, Burlington, precinct 3 of Wilmington, Massachusetts | Question 4: Direct the district's state representative to vote in favor of legislation that would allow seriously ill patients, with their doctor’s written recommendation, to possess and grow small amounts of marijuana for their personal medical use. | DPFMA and MassCann/NORML |  Yes |  WIN 71%-29% |
| Hanson, Pembroke, precincts 2,3,4,5 of Duxbury, precinct 2 of Halifax, Massachusetts | Question 4: Direct the district's state representative to vote in favor of legislation that would allow seriously ill patients, with their doctor’s written recommendation, to possess and grow small amounts of marijuana for their personal medical use. | DPFMA and MassCann/NORML |  Yes |  WIN 71%-29% |
2008 Ballot Initiatives
On November 4, 2008, MPP and our allies across the country passed nine out of 10 marijuana-related ballot initiatives ... and also defeated a bad initiative.Â
| State | Initiative | Sponsored by | MPP supports? | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Massachusetts | Question 2: Remove the threat of arrest or jail for possessing an ounce or less of marijuana, replacing it with a $100 fine, which could be paid through the mail without lawyers or court appearances, just like a speeding ticket. | MPP's campaign committee, Committee for Sensible Marijuana Policy | Â Yes | Â WIN 65%-35% |
| Michigan | Proposal 1: Permit terminally and seriously ill patients to use medical marijuana with their doctors' approval. | MPP's campaign committee, Michigan Coalition for Compassionate Care | Â Yes | Â WIN 63%-37% |
| California | Proposition 5: Expand the number of drug offenders diverted from prison into treatment and decriminalize the possession of up to an ounce of marijuana, among other things. | Yes on 5 | Â Yes | Â LOSS 60%-40% |
| California | Proposition 6: Among other things (such as increasing spending on prisons and law enforcement and increasing penalties for gang crimes and methamphetamine distribution), require the expulsion from public housing of anyone convicted of a recent drug offense. | Safe Neighborhoods Act | Â No | Â DEFEATED (A WIN) 30%-70% |
| Berkeley, California | Measure JJ: Expand the non-residential zones where dispensaries can locate, create an oversight commission to create standards and determine whether relocating or future operators are in compliance, issue zoning certificates, and bring Berkeley marijuana possession limits in line with recent court rulings determining that such limits are unconstitutional in the state. | Citizens for Sensible Medical Cannabis Regulation | Â Yes | Â WIN 62%-38% |
| Fayetteville, Arkansas | Require adult marijuana possession laws to be the lowest priority for local law enforcement. | Sensible Fayetteville | Â Yes | Â WIN 66%-34% |
| Hawaii County, Hawaii | Ballot Question 1: Require adult marijuana possession laws to be the lowest priority for local law enforcement. | Project Peaceful Sky | Â Yes | Â WIN 58%-42% |
| Ayer, Dunstable, Groton, Pepperell, and Townsend, Massachusetts | Question 4: Direct the district's state representative to vote in favor of legislation that would allow seriously ill patients, with their doctor’s written recommendation, to possess and grow small amounts of marijuana for their personal medical use. | DPFMA and MassCann/NORML |  Yes |  WIN 74%-26% |
| Medfield, Needham, and precincts 1 and 2 of Dover, Massachusetts | Question 4: Direct the district's state representative to vote in favor of legislation that would allow seriously ill patients, with their doctor’s written recommendation, to possess and grow small amounts of marijuana for their personal medical use. | DPFMA and MassCann/NORML |  Yes |  WIN 73%-27% |
| Bedford, Burlington, precinct 3 of Wilmington, Massachusetts | Question 4: Direct the district's state representative to vote in favor of legislation that would allow seriously ill patients, with their doctor’s written recommendation, to possess and grow small amounts of marijuana for their personal medical use. | DPFMA and MassCann/NORML |  Yes |  WIN 71%-29% |
| Hanson, Pembroke, precincts 2,3,4,5 of Duxbury, precinct 2 of Halifax, Massachusetts | Question 4: Direct the district's state representative to vote in favor of legislation that would allow seriously ill patients, with their doctor’s written recommendation, to possess and grow small amounts of marijuana for their personal medical use. | DPFMA and MassCann/NORML |  Yes |  WIN 71%-29% |


It is well established that alcohol increases accident risk. Evidence of marijuana’s culpability in on-road driving accidents is much less convincing.
Although cannabis intoxication has been shown to mildly impair psychomotor skills, this impairment does not appear to be severe or long lasting. In driving simulator tests, this impairment is typically manifested by subjects decreasing their driving speed and requiring greater time to respond to emergency situations.
Nevertheless, this impairment does not appear to play a significant role in on-road traffic accidents. A 2002 review of seven separate studies involving 7,934 drivers reported, “Crash culpability studies have failed to demonstrate that drivers with cannabinoids in the blood are significantly more likely than drug-free drivers to be culpable in road crashes.â€Â This result is likely because subject under the influence of marijuana are aware of their impairment and compensate for it accordingly, such as by slowing down and by focusing their attention when they know a response will be required. This reaction is just the opposite of that exhibited by drivers under the influence of alcohol, who tend to drive in a more risky manner proportional to their intoxication.
Today, a large body of research exists exploring the impact of marijuana on psychomotor skills and actual driving performance. This research consists of driving simulator studies, on-road performance studies, crash culpability studies, and summary reviews of the existing evidence. To date, the result of this research is fairly consistent: Marijuana has a measurable yet relatively mild effect on psychomotor skills, yet it does not appear to play a significant role in vehicle crashes, particularly when compared to alcohol. Below is a summary of some of the existing data.Â
(For more information on NORML’s position regarding marijuana, driving and the law, please 